• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A cell (10) of the high temperature type based on sodium comprises an outer casing in steel (12) coated with nickel, having an elongated parallelepiped shape, a ceramic electrolyte (14) in the form of a tubular body made of β-alumina inserted in said outer casing, a plurality of capillary profiles consisting of shaped laminations (16), arranged between said outer casing (12) and ceramic electrolyte (14) with respect to which they leave an interspace, and a current collector (18) made of metal material coaxially inserted and stabilized in the ceramic electrolyte (14). Said current collector is formed by a tubular body defining a cavity at least partly filled with PCM material (Phase Change Materials).
    公开号:CH710742B1
    申请号:CH00770/16
    申请日:2014-12-19
    公开日:2018-11-15
    发明作者:Restello Silvio；Zanon Nicola；Residori Zeno；Crugnola Giorgio；Lodi Giuseppe
    申请人:Fzsonick S P A Ad Unico Socio；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description [0001] The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell of the high temperature type based on sodium.
    [0002] More particularly, the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell as defined above, integrating means which limit its temperature increase since they favor both the absorption of the heat generated during the discharge phases and the reduction of the dispersion heat itself outside. As is known, there are so-called secondary electrochemical cells which, for the production of batteries, use sodium (Na) as an anode and a ceramic electrolyte such as beta-alumina (ß "AI203); this substance has a good conductivity to the passage of sodium ions (Na +) and, on the other hand, it also acts as a separator between anode and cathode, having a high resistivity to the flow of electrons.
    [0003] A high temperature electrolytic cell based on sodium, for example of the sodium-nickel chloride type (Na-NiCl 2) comprises a plurality of components which can be identified as follows: - an external envelope, typically of an elongated parallelepiped shape, in metal material; - a tubular electrolyte of tubular shape, formed by ß "alumina, inserted in said external casing; - a current collector made of a metallic material coaxially inserted and stabilized in the ceramic electrolyte; - the active material.
    [0004] Electrochemical cells of this type are used to form batteries that are used in various fields, including those of the energy reserve (backup power) in telecommunications and the electric traction of road vehicles. In said batteries, which are typically made up of several dozen elementary cells, the operating temperature is usually between 260 ° C and 270 ° C, but it can grow significantly during a discharge at high current regimes. The traditional cooling systems prepared for this purpose are based on the forced circulation of air in special radiators by means of fans, which disperse the heat without any possibility of recovering it; furthermore, these systems reduce the temperature unevenly, given that not all the cells are invested with the cooling flow in the same way and with the same intensity. This determines, inside the cell pack, strong thermal imbalances that are harmful to the health of the batteries, affecting their duration.
    [0005] In addition to these drawbacks, in the known electrochemical cells of which the distance between the current collector centrally inserted in the tubular ceramic electrolyte is concerned and the inner lateral surface of the same ceramic electrolyte is not constant, since the first consists of a rod folded on itself, while the second is generally shaped like a circular section or with a substantially four-leaf clover section. Given the variable distance between the aforementioned components, the ion exchange does not take place as optimally as would be desirable, to the detriment of the overall efficiency of the cell.
    [0006] The object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
    [0007] More particularly, the object of the present invention is to provide a cell for sodium-based high-temperature batteries which allows the temperature inside the cell pack to be kept as constant as possible, avoiding dangerous thermal imbalances.
    [0008] A further object of the invention is to provide a high efficiency cell which also allows to avoid the dispersion of the generated heat, recovering it when necessary after having stored it.
    [0009] Not least and consequent object of the invention is to provide a high efficiency cell which allows to increase the life of the batteries.
    [0010] A further object of the invention is to provide a cell as defined above in which the ion exchange is achieved in an optimal manner.
    [0011] These and other objects are attained by the high temperature sodium based cell according to the main claim.
    [0012] The constructive and functional characteristics of the high-efficiency cell object of the present invention can be better understood from the detailed description which follows, in which reference is made to the attached tables of drawings which represent a preferred and non-limiting embodiment thereof and in which: fig. 1 schematically represents the cell for high temperature batteries based on the sodium of the present invention in a longitudinal section; fig. 2 schematically represents a cross section of the cell of fig. 1; fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the current collector of the highly efficient cell according to the invention; fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the tubular body forming the ceramic electrolyte of the cell.
    [0013] With initial reference to Figures 1 and 2, the cell for high temperature batteries based on the sodium of the present invention, indicated as a whole by 10 in Fig. 1, comprises a watertight housing or outer casing 12, typically of an elongated parallelepiped shape, obtained from a folded and welded nickel-coated steel strip. A tubular electrolyte 14 of ß-alumina is inserted in the casing 12; according to the exemplary embodiment of figures 1-4, said ceramic electrolyte 14 defines by way of example a body with a tetralobate section, or with a four-leaf clover, in which concave and convex portions homogeneously alternated develop along most of the longitudinal extension of the body same. In other known embodiments, the body forming the ceramic electrolyte 14 defines different configurations, having for example a circular, trilobate or other kind of section.
    [0014] Between the casing 12 and the ceramic electrolyte 14 there is arranged a plurality of capillary profiles constituted by shaped laminations 16, which extend for the entire useful length of ion exchange and which are shaped in the same way as the lobes of said electrolyte, around which however they leave a gap. In the tubular ceramic electrolyte 14 the current collector, indicated with 18 and illustrated in detail in fig. 3.
    [0015] According to the invention, said current collector 18 consists of a hollow body made of metallic material such as nickel or its alloys or any suitable nickel-coated metal, which defines internally a volume indicatively of some tens of cm3. At least a part of this cavity is filled with materials of the PCM (Phase Change Materials) type, capable of exploiting a phase transition in the working range of the battery to absorb the heat generated during discharge. The PCM material is chosen based on parameters such as the phase transition temperature and the fusion enthalpy, without neglecting the cost of the raw material. Preferably, said material consists of one or more compounds selected from halides, sulfides, sulfates, nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, acetates, acetyls, thiocyanates, hydroxides, metals and metal alloys with a phase transition in the temperature range of between 250 ° C and 350 ° C. This material fills the cavity formed inside the manifold 18 of a height approximately between 2/3 and 9/10 of the space available starting from the bottom of the manifold itself. The presence of the phase transition material directly in each of the cells 10, particularly inside the manifold 18 of the cells themselves, in addition to avoiding dangerous increases in temperature and also allowing to recover the stored heat, results in the maximum uniformity of temperature between the various cells as the temperature trend of each cell is regulated by the heat accumulation / release of the locally present PCM material.
    [0016] According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, the configuration of the current collector 18 is such that the distance in each of its points from the tubular ceramic electrolyte 14 is constant, so that the ion exchange is carried out so as to optimize the efficiency of the cell 10. To obtain this result, starting from the hypothesis that the ceramic electrolyte 14 has the tetralobate conformation of figures 1 and 2, also the current collector 18 according to the invention defines a similar lateral surface , with a lower section and the same shape. In practice, as clearly shown in Figure 2, the two components 14 and 18, ie the ceramic electrolyte and the current collector, repeat the same shape with differently dimensioned sections. The current collector 18 is inserted centrally in the ceramic electrolyte 14; in this position said collector is stabilized in a known way, for example by means of welded rod ends 21 to its protruding upper part, schematized with 20 in fig. 3, in turn welded with the part of the cover of the cell 10, indicated with 22 in fig. 4. Given that the total surface of the current collector 18 constantly follows or repeats that of the ceramic electrolyte, also considering the coaxiality of said two elements, the distance between them, indicatively comprised between 3.0 and 6.0 mm remains constant in every point; under these conditions, therefore, the ion exchange that takes place through the surface of the ceramic electrolyte 14 in beta-alumina is achieved in a constantly uniform manner.
    [0017] The ceramic electrolyte 14 of each cell 10 and the current collector 18 are typically spaced apart from each other at a point which can be between 10% and 30% of the maximum transverse dimension of the cell itself. It is worth considering the hypothesis that cell 10 comprises a ceramic electrolyte 14 of a different shape than the tetralobate one indicated above; it can in fact be expected that the shape of said electrolyte is trilobated, five-lobed or has a surface consisting of convex areas alternated with concave areas of any development, regular or irregular. In these cases, the conformation of the current collector 18 will in any case follow that of the body in which it is inserted, ie that of the ceramic electrolyte 14, in order to maintain their mutual distance at each point as constant as possible. As can be seen from the foregoing, the advantages that the invention achieves are evident.
    [0018] In the electrochemical cell of the high efficiency sodium-based type of the present invention, the substantial thermal uniformity of the cell pack, achieved thanks to the PCM material placed inside the current collector 18 of each cell, contributes substantially to ensuring both good operation and battery life. Further advantageous is the fact of providing a current collector 18 which repeats the shape, in reduced section, of the ceramic electrolyte 14, in order to maintain the reciprocal distance between said components as much as possible and to optimize the ion exchange.
    [0019] Although the invention has been described above with particular reference to one of its embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, numerous modifications and variations will become apparent to a person skilled in the art in light of the above description. The present invention, therefore, intends to embrace all the modifications and variations that fall within the scope and spirit of the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Cell (10) of the high temperature type based on sodium, comprising an outer casing of metallic material (12), having an elongated parallelepiped shape, a ceramic electrolyte (14) in the form of a tubular body made of ß-alumina inserted in said outer casing, and a current collector (18) made of metallic material coaxially inserted and stabilized in the ceramic electrolyte (14), characterized in that said current collector is formed by a tubular body defining a cavity at least partly filled with PCM material , «Phase Change Materials», consisting of one or more compounds selected from halides, sulphides, sulfates, nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, acetates, acetyls, thiocyanates, hydroxides, metals and metal alloys with a phase transition in the temperature range including between 250 ° C and 350 ° C.
    [2]
    2. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that said current collector (18) is made of nickel or its alloys or of any metal material coated with nickel.
    [3]
    3. Cell according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said PCM material fills said cavity formed inside the current collector (18) for an amount comprised between 2/3 and 9/10 of the space available starting from bottom of the collector itself.
    [4]
    4. Cell according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the current collector (18) inserted in the ceramic electrolyte (14) repeats in a reduced section the shape of the electrolyte itself.
    [5]
    5. Cell according to claim 3, characterized in that the tubular body in ß-alumina forming the ceramic electrolyte (14) defines a tetralobate shape.
    [6]
    6. Cell according to claim 3, characterized in that the current collector (18) and the ceramic electrolyte (14) of each cell (10) are spaced from each other at each point by a variable amount comprised between 10% and 30% of the maximum transverse cell size.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB201609886D0|2016-07-20|
    DE112014005945T5|2016-09-29|
    GB2535399A|2016-08-17|
    GB2535399B|2021-05-12|
    ITMI20132155A1|2015-06-21|
    US20160322670A1|2016-11-03|
    WO2015090610A1|2015-06-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4117208A|1977-09-15|1978-09-26|Ford Motor Company|Electrical conversion device with ceramic electrode|
    US5962160A|1995-07-17|1999-10-05|Hitachi, Ltd.|Sodium-sulfur battery, and a battery system using same|
    KR101075145B1|2009-11-18|2011-10-19|주식회사 효성|NaS battery module|
    WO2011117221A1|2010-03-26|2011-09-29|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Rechargeable energy store|
    US8603671B2|2010-12-23|2013-12-10|General Electric Company|Composition, energy storage device, and related processes|CN108183255A|2017-12-27|2018-06-19|福建猛狮新能源科技有限公司|A kind of cooling centrepin of secondary cell|
    CN109830774B|2019-01-10|2021-06-22|欣旺达电子股份有限公司|Self-cooling heat dissipation current collector and power battery cell|
    法律状态:
    2017-02-15| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: FZONICK S.P.A., IT Free format text: FORMER OWNER: FIAMM ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTIONS S.P.A, IT |
    2017-02-28| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: FZSONICK S.P.A. AD UNICO SOCIO, IT Free format text: FORMER OWNER: FZONICK S.P.A., IT |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT002155A|ITMI20132155A1|2013-12-20|2013-12-20|ELECTROCHEMISTRY CELL WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY OF THE SODIUM-HIGH TEMPERATURE TYPE|
    PCT/EP2014/003447|WO2015090610A1|2013-12-20|2014-12-19|High-efficiency, high-temperature, sodium-based electrochemical cell|
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